Water is important to the chemistry of acids and bases as it is amphoteric: able to act as an acid or a base. The self–ionisation of water and the constant, Kw, the equilibrium constant for this process, are vital concepts to grasp as a platform for further studies of acids and bases.

After working through this topic you will be able to:

  • explain what is meant by the ionisation of water, how it relates to pH, and what factors affect it;
  • consider students difficulties with equilibria and applying these ideas to the ionic product of water and pH;
  • use effective strategies and activities to support students’ understanding of Kw and its link with pH.
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