File Name : s1_revised_600dpi.tif

Caption : figure s1. ionic current dependence on kcl concentration with respect to source-drain voltage at vg of 0 v (a) and with respect to gate voltage at vsd of - 0.3 v (b). the data was collected from a nanopore with final diameter of 97 nm.

File Name : s2_revised_600dpi.tif

Caption : figure s2. effect of ph on gate voltage dependence of ionic current. the data were collected from the np-b with final diameter of 34 nm using vsd at -1 v and kcl concentration of 0.1 mm.

File Name : s3_revised_600dpi.tif

Caption : figure s3. isd-vsd data collected from a silicon nitride diaphragm with a large open hole. the inset shows optical microscope image of the open hole with the diameter of approximately 334 µm.