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Caption : figure s1. body weight of rats (a), and the time c/time (a + c) ratio of rats in the novel object recognition (nor) test at 0 week (b). nc, the negative control group; ms, the aged constipated group; pc, the mosapride group; cdps, the cistanche deserticola polysaccharides group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, significant differences as compared to the nc group. #p<0.05, ##p<0.01, significant differences as compared to the ms group (n=8).

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Caption : figure s2. rarefaction curves (a), the number of species at different levels (b) of the rats in the negative control group (nc), the aged constipated rats (ms), the mosapride group (pc), and the cistanche deserticola polysaccharides group (cdps).

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Caption : figure s3. score plot of principal component analysis (pca) (a), partial least-square-discrimination analysis (pls-da) (b), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (opls- da) (c) and the model permutation (d), and the corresponding s-plot (e) of the aged constipated rats (ms) and the cistanche deserticola polysaccharides group (cdps) (n=8). the pls-da model was validated by using 200 random permutations (r2 = 0.80, q2 = 0.66).

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Caption : figure s4. enrichment analysis of pathways involving in the pathology of the aged constipation (the negative control group (nc) versus the aged constipated rats (ms), and the effects of cistanche deserticola polysaccharides group (cdps) (the ms group versus the cdps group). color and size represent p and impact, respectively. pathways with p <0.05 and impact > 0.1 represent a significant impact of this pathway.