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Caption : figure s1. raman spectra of cu/invo4 with different cu loading ratios.

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Caption : figure s2. digital image of (a) invo4 and (b) 5% cu/invo4.

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Caption : figure s3. (a) transient photocurrent responses and (b) eis plots of invo4 and 5% cu/invo4.

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Caption : figure s4. control experiments under different conditions.

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Caption : figure s5. yields of h2 and no3- of 5% cu/invo4 photocatalysts.

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Caption : figure s6. xrd pattern of cu/invo4 synthesized using cu source from electroplating sludge.

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Caption : figure s7. sem image of cu/invo4-es nanosheets.

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Caption : figure s8. nh3 yield and control experiment of cu/invo4 synthesized using cu source from electroplating sludge.