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Caption : figure s1. optical characterization of g-cnqds (a) uv–vis absorption spectra and fluorescence excitation (ex) or emission (em) spectra, (b) fluorescence emission spectra excited by different excitation light. inset: fluorogram under 365 nm uv light, (c) the g-cnqds, (d) the water.

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Caption : figure s2. sem of sio2 pcs self-assembled by sio2 microspheres with diameter of 225 nm before calcination (a) and after calcination (b).

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Caption : figure s3. the effect of hydrothermal temperature (a), hydrothermal time (b), loading ratio of g-cnqds/tnts (c) on photocatalytic activity of g-cnqds/tnts and photodegradation kinetic curves (d) of p25, tnts, and g-cnqds/tnts. the photodegradation data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (experiments times n=3).