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Caption : figure s1. (a) chronoamperometric curve (e = 0.7 v) of irox modified electrode. (b) cv of the irox modified electrode. electrolyte: 0.2 m pbs buffer at ph 7.4 containing 0.15 m nacl. scan rate: 50 mv·s-1.
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Caption : figure s2. (a) chronoamperometric response of aunps modified electrode. (b) sem image of aunps on paper-based gold electrodes.
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Caption : figure s3. cyclic voltammograms of prussian blue modified electrode. scan rate: 20 mv·s-1.
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Caption : figure s4. cv plot of (a) bare au (b) aunps modified electrode with scan rate from 20 to 200 mv·s-1.
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Caption : figure s5. 3d mappings of (a) the paper substrate and (b) the au electrode on paper substrate.
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Caption : figure s6. characterisation of fabricated ag/agcl reference electrode. (a) sem image of the ag electrode after the agcl layer formation. (b) particle size distribution of agcl.
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Caption : figure s7. eds of fabricated ag/agcl reference electrode. (a) eds elemental map for ag/agcl. (b) eds spectrum of ag/agcl. eds elemental map for (c) ag and (d) cl.
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Caption : figure s8. ocp of fabricated ag/agcl reference electrode in 3.5 m kcl solution
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Caption : figure s9. cv characteristics of home-made and commercial ag/agcl reference electrode in 10 mm [fe(cn)6]3-/4-.
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Caption : figure s10. sem images of (a) prussian blue coated aunps-modified gold electrode; (b) gox/bsa/chitosan/graphite composite on electrode; and (c) nafion coated electrode.
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Caption : figure s11. timed current response of the glucose sensor in (a) pbs solution (b) artificial urine with increasing concentration of glucose (50-1000 μm). operate voltage: -0.1 v, ph 7.5, 25 °c.
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Caption : figure s12. test strips for detection of glucose in urine. (a) the colorimetric reference card on the vial label under good light. (b) test strips, left: ckd patient; middle and right: healthy individuals. (c-f) test strips from ckd patients.