Additions and corrections, Analyst

Additions and corrections

Mechanisms of lead and manganese neurotoxicity

April P. Neal and Tomas R. Guilarte

Analyst, 2013, 2, 99–114 (DOI: 10.1039/C2TX20064C). Amendment published 5th December 2013.

The author would like to make two corrections to the manuscript.

Firstly, the sentence “However, these differences could also be explained by the difference in solubility between Mn(II)-chloride or Mn(III)-pyrophosphate because Mn(III)-pyrophosphate has low solubility in biological media” should be deleted from the last paragraph on page 106.

The paragraph should read “Interestingly, the different species of Mn have different potencies in the cellular effects described above. Mn(III) is taken up by cells more efficiently than Mn(II).^240,241 Furthermore, Mn(III) has a higher reduction potential than Mn(II), is a more potent oxidizer of DA than Mn(II), and is more cytotoxic than Mn(II).^240–243 However, no difference was observed in the disruption of ATP synthesis between studies using Mn(II) or Mn(III) compounds.²⁴¹ The in vivo effects of Mn(II) and Mn(III) were compared in a rat study.²⁴⁴ Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with either Mn(II)-chloride or Mn(III)-pyrophosphate and the effect of Mn species on brain Mn accumulation and effects were examined. Even with comparable BMn levels, Mn(III) exhibited greater accumulation in the brain, suggesting that either the uptake of Mn into the brain or retention of Mn in the brain may be dependent on oxidation state.²⁴⁴ Furthermore, this study did not observe regional differences in brain Mn accumulation, unlike studies in non-human primates²³⁸ and Mn levels observed in occupationally-exposed humans¹³ which demonstrate a clear tendency of Mn to accumulate in basal ganglia structures. This highlights the challenges in finding appropriate disease models of Mn. Studies in rodents are limited by the fact that rodents are less sensitive to Mn than are humans or non-human primates.^13,245 Rodents do not accumulate Mn in the same brain regions as humans or non-human primates.²⁴⁶ Furthermore, rodent models of Mn toxicity do not develop analogous behavioural deficits as observed in humans or non-human primates chronically exposed to Mn.¹³

Secondly, due to an error, the references 206 and 247 are identical. This does not change the statements in the text regarding these studies in any way.

The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.

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