Shape of a molecule / ion determined by the arrangement of electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) around the central atom. - include an image here?

Work out how many electron pairs there are at the bonding level, and then arrange them to produce the minimum amount of repulsion between them.

Order of repulsive force:

  one pair - lone pair

   lone pair - bond pair

   bond pair - bond pair

Phet simulation - Molecules shapes - link to EU page https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/molecule-shapes and also the DU pages where this animation is expored in depth

Link to maths skills - molecular geometry - drag and drop

https://www.rsc.org/cpd/resource/RES00001512/RES00001512/RES00001503?cmpId=CMP00003948

Starter for 10 3.2.4 - good activity for students

Complex ions - see slide 58 & 59 of post 16 Strcutre nad bonding face to face course